Losing weight can be challenging, but FDA-approved weight loss medications offer a scientifically validated approach for those struggling with obesity or weight-related health issues. These medications, thoroughly tested by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), provide safe and effective options when combined with lifestyle changes like a balanced diet and regular exercise. In this guide, we’ll explore the current lineup of FDA-approved weight loss medications, their mechanisms, benefits, potential side effects, and tips for choosing the right one for you.
What Are FDA-Approved Weight Loss Medications?
FDA-approved weight loss medications are prescription drugs (and one over-the-counter option) designed to help individuals manage obesity or overweight conditions. They’re typically recommended for adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher (obesity) or 27 or higher with conditions like type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol. Some are also approved for adolescents or those with rare genetic disorders. These medications target appetite, metabolism, or fat absorption to support sustainable weight loss.
Let’s dive into the nine FDA-approved weight loss medications available today and what sets them apart.
Full List of FDA-Approved Weight Loss Medications
Below is a comprehensive overview of the current FDA-approved weight loss medications, including how they work, their effectiveness, and key considerations.
1. Wegovy (Semaglutide)
- How It Works: Wegovy, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, mimics a gut hormone to reduce appetite, slow digestion, and enhance feelings of fullness. It’s administered via weekly injections.
- Effectiveness: Clinical trials show an average weight loss of about 15% of body weight over 68 weeks, with most users achieving at least 5% weight loss.
- Side Effects: Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and constipation are common. Serious risks include thyroid tumors and pancreatitis.
- Who It’s For: Adults and adolescents aged 12+ with obesity or overweight with related health conditions.
- Key Note: Semaglutide is also in Ozempic, used for type 2 diabetes but sometimes prescribed off-label for weight loss.
2. Zepbound (Tirzepatide)
- How It Works: This dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist reduces appetite and improves insulin sensitivity. It’s a once-weekly injection.
- Effectiveness: Users can lose up to 20% of body weight over 72 weeks, making it highly effective.
- Side Effects: Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and injection site reactions. It carries a risk of thyroid tumors.
- Who It’s For: Adults with obesity or overweight with weight-related conditions.
- Key Note: Tirzepatide is also in Mounjaro, approved for diabetes but used off-label for weight loss.
3. Saxenda (Liraglutide)
- How It Works: A GLP-1 receptor agonist, Saxenda curbs hunger through daily injections.
- Effectiveness: Average weight loss of about 4.5% of body weight over 56 weeks, with many users achieving significant results.
- Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and increased heart rate. Rare risks include thyroid tumors and pancreatitis.
- Who It’s For: Adults and adolescents aged 12+ with obesity or overweight with comorbidities.
- Key Note: Liraglutide is also in Victoza, used for type 2 diabetes management.
4. Qsymia (Phentermine-Topiramate)
- How It Works: Combines phentermine (appetite suppressant) and topiramate (promotes satiety) in a once-daily oral capsule.
- Effectiveness: Users lose about 8% of body weight on average, with higher doses yielding greater results.
- Side Effects: Dizziness, insomnia, dry mouth, and mood changes. It’s a Schedule IV controlled substance.
- Who It’s For: Adults and adolescents aged 12+ with obesity or overweight with health conditions.
- Key Note: Requires gradual dose increases and monitoring for kidney or mood issues.
5. Contrave (Naltrexone-Bupropion)
- How It Works: Combines naltrexone (for addiction treatment) and bupropion (for depression/smoking cessation) to reduce appetite. Taken orally twice daily.
- Effectiveness: Average weight loss of 4.1% over one year, with significant results for many.
- Side Effects: Dizziness, headache, nausea, and increased blood pressure. Not suitable for those with seizure disorders.
- Who It’s For: Adults with obesity or overweight with related conditions.
- Key Note: Gradual dosing minimizes side effects.
6. Xenical (Orlistat) and Alli (Orlistat)
- How It Works: Orlistat, a lipase inhibitor, reduces fat absorption in the gut. Xenical (120 mg) is prescription, while Alli (60 mg) is over-the-counter, taken three times daily with meals.
- Effectiveness: Average weight loss of 3.1% over one year, best for high-fat diets.
- Side Effects: Oily stools, flatulence, and frequent bowel movements. May reduce vitamin absorption.
- Who It’s For: Adults and adolescents aged 12+ (Xenical) or adults (Alli) with obesity or overweight.
- Key Note: Alli is the only FDA-approved over-the-counter weight loss medication.
7. IMCIVREE (Setmelanotide)
- How It Works: A melanocortin-4 receptor agonist that reduces hunger in rare genetic obesity disorders. Administered via daily injections.
- Effectiveness: Patients with POMC or LEPR deficiencies lose 12.5% to 25.6% of body weight over one year.
- Side Effects: Injection site reactions, hyperpigmentation, and nausea.
- Who It’s For: Adults and children aged 6+ with specific genetic obesity disorders (e.g., POMC, PCSK1, LEPR deficiencies).
- Key Note: Requires genetic testing for eligibility.
8. Metreleptin
- How It Works: A leptin analog that replaces leptin in patients with generalized lipodystrophy, improving hunger and metabolism. Daily injection.
- Effectiveness: Improves cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin sensitivity, with weight loss as a secondary benefit.
- Side Effects: Injection site reactions and potential immune responses.
- Who It’s For: Adults and children with congenital or acquired lipodystrophy.
- Key Note: Not for general obesity; specific to leptin deficiency.
9. Plenity (Gelesis100)
- How It Works: A hydrogel device (not a drug) that expands in the stomach to promote fullness. Taken orally before meals.
- Effectiveness: About 6.4% weight loss over 24 weeks, with 59% of users losing at least 5% of body weight.
- Side Effects: Bloating, abdominal discomfort, and constipation.
- Who It’s For: Adults with a BMI of 25–40.
- Key Note: Classified as a medical device, not a drug, and available by prescription.
Choosing the Right FDA-Approved Weight Loss Medication
Selecting the best FDA-approved weight loss medication requires a healthcare provider’s guidance. Consider these factors:
- Health Conditions: Medications like Wegovy and Zepbound suit those with diabetes or heart risks, while IMCIVREE is for genetic disorders.
- Administration Preference: Choose between oral options (Qsymia, Contrave) or injections (Wegovy, Saxenda) based on comfort.
- Side Effects: Be aware of common issues like nausea or digestive changes and discuss serious risks with your doctor.
- Lifestyle Integration: Pair medications with a healthy diet and exercise for optimal results.
- Cost and Insurance: Check coverage, as some medications can be costly without insurance.
Tips for Safe and Effective Use of Weight Loss Medications
- Consult a Healthcare Provider: Regular check-ins ensure safety and proper dosing.
- Adopt Healthy Habits: Combine medications with a reduced-calorie diet and physical activity.
- Monitor Side Effects: Report severe symptoms like persistent nausea or abdominal pain immediately.
- Stay Consistent: Follow dosing schedules to maximize effectiveness.
Benefits of FDA-Approved Weight Loss Medications
Unlike unregulated supplements, FDA-approved weight loss medications undergo strict testing for safety and efficacy. They target specific biological pathways, offering a reliable solution for those who haven’t succeeded with diet and exercise alone. These medications can also reduce risks of weight-related conditions like diabetes and heart disease.
Conclusion
FDA-approved weight loss medications, from Wegovy to Plenity, provide effective tools for managing obesity and improving health. By understanding their mechanisms, benefits, and side effects, you can work with your doctor to find the best option for your needs. Take the first step toward a healthier you—consult a healthcare provider to explore these FDA-approved solutions today.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any weight loss medication.
